关于GEOIP和GEOIP2区别,以及NGINX和PHP使用GEOIP/GEOIP2方法

由于网站活动需要做一些针对地区的活动页面显示,不同地区打开不同的活动页,当然有些CDN和DNS也可以做到,只是一般都收费和麻烦一些.而且又不要求那么高的准确性,就看了下geoip的使用.

一、GEOIP和GEOIP2的区别

Geo是geographic的缩写，意思是地理的，GeoIP即为IP地理位置数据库，可以根据IP获得地理位置信息。
IP地理定位本质上是不精确的，地点通常靠近人口中心。GeoIP数据库提供的任何位置不应用于识别特定地址或家庭，使用精度半径作为IP地址返回的纬度和经度坐标的地理定位精度指示，IP地址的实际位置可能在这个半径和经纬度坐标所定义的区域内。

GEOIP目前已经发展到GEOIP2,GEOIP的免费库GeoLite版本后缀为.dat(有国家/城市/ASN等),GEOIP2的免费库GeoLite2版本后缀为.mmdb(有国家/城市/ASN等),GEOIP2的收费库GeoIP2 Enterprise版本后缀为.mmdb(有国家/城市/ASN等)

ASN（Autonomous System Number）是为每个大型网络分配的编号，该编号全球唯一。通过查询IP地址隶属的ASN编号，可以了解该IP地址隶属的网络运营商，以及大致的地址位置。Nmap提供asn-query脚本来查询IP地址的ASN编号，并给出BGP、区域、起始和节点编号等信息。需要注意的是城市City 和国家Country 库中不含ASN信息。

MaxMind 提供了免费的GEOIP数据库，坏消息是MaxMind 官方已经停止支持dat格式的ip库。在其他地方可以找到dat格式的文件，或者老版本的，当然数据不可能最新，多少有误差。

GEOIP的好处就是可以动态加载到NGINX等软件里,不需要重新源代码构建使用.而且GEOIP数据库和支持库可以yum安装.

GEOIP2 NGINX等软件使用必须重新源代码构建.

GeoLite2是GeoIP2的免费版本，与GeoIP2数据库相比准确性较差。GeoLite2数据库每周更新国家、城市和自治系统编号信息，更新时间为每周二。此前，MaxMind一直提供GeoLite2公开的访问下载地址，但从2019年12月30日开始，MaxMind不再提供GeoLite2公开的访问下载地址，需要用户注册一个MaxMind帐户并获取许可密钥，才能下载GeoLite2数据库。

以下操作都在Centos7的服务器,其他系统请自行相应变动:

二、GEOIP的安装以及NGINX和PHP使用方法

GEOIP的安装

1.yum安装的geoip

先装epel源(下面的yum安装环境都默认安装过epel源)

yum install epel-release

1	yum install epel-release

再装

yum install GeoIP GeoIP-data GeoIP-devel

1	yum install GeoIP GeoIP-data GeoIP-devel

想详细知道每个包作用可以查看下各个GEO包的说明,查看GeoIP的yum包说明:

yum info GeoIP

Name        : GeoIP
Arch        : x86_64
Version     : 1.5.0
Release     : 14.el7
Size        : 3.7 M
Repo        : installed
From repo   : base
Summary     : Library for country/city/organization to IP address or hostname mapping
URL         : http://www.maxmind.com/app/c
License     : LGPLv2+ and GPLv2+ and CC-BY-SA
Description : GeoIP is a C library that enables the user to find the country that any IP
            : address or hostname originates from. It uses a file based database that is
            : accurate as of June 2007 and can optionally be updated on a weekly
            : basis by installing the GeoIP-update package. This database simply contains IP
            : blocks as keys, and countries as values. This database should be more complete
            : and accurate than using reverse DNS lookups.
            :
            : This package includes GeoLite data created by MaxMind, available from
            : http://www.maxmind.com/

yum info GeoIP

Name : GeoIP

Arch : x86_64

Version : 1.5.0

Release : 14.el7

Size : 3.7 M

Repo : installed

From repo : base

Summary : Library for country/city/organization to IP address or hostname mapping

URL : http://www.maxmind.com/app/c

License : LGPLv2+ and GPLv2+ and CC-BY-SA

Description : GeoIP is a C library that enables the user to find the country that any IP

: address or hostname originates from. It uses a file based database that is

: accurate as of June 2007 and can optionally be updated on a weekly

: basis by installing the GeoIP-update package. This database simply contains IP

: blocks as keys, and countries as values. This database should be more complete

: and accurate than using reverse DNS lookups.

: This package includes GeoLite data created by MaxMind, available from

: http://www.maxmind.com/

安装GEOIP数据库yum包:

yum install GeoIP
安装同时会附带安装依赖geoipupdate

1 2	yum install GeoIP 安装同时会附带安装依赖geoipupdate

安装完成后在/usr/share/GeoIP/下出现2个dat数据库,2个软链(这个只有国家库/分IPv4和IPv6)

cd /usr/share/GeoIP/
ls -l

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 17 May 12 00:20 GeoIP.dat -> GeoIP-initial.dat
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1242574 Aug 8 2019 GeoIP-initial.dat
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 19 May 12 00:20 GeoIPv6.dat -> GeoIPv6-initial.dat
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2322773 Aug 8 2019 GeoIPv6-initial.dat

cd /usr/share/GeoIP/

ls -l

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 17 May 12 00:20 GeoIP.dat -> GeoIP-initial.dat

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1242574 Aug 8 2019 GeoIP-initial.dat

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 19 May 12 00:20 GeoIPv6.dat -> GeoIPv6-initial.dat

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2322773 Aug 8 2019 GeoIPv6-initial.dat

系统增加3个命令geoiplookup geoiplookup6 geoipupdate

geoiplookup查看IPv4,geoiplookup6查看IPv6,geoipupdate本来用于升级GEOIP数据库,但是官方停止维护所以下不到

geoiplookup 8.8.8.8
GeoIP Country Edition: US, United States
GeoIP City Edition, Rev 1: US, N/A, N/A, N/A, N/A, 37.750999, -97.821999, 0, 0
GeoIP ASNum Edition: AS15169 Google LLC

geoiplookup6 2001:4860:4860::8888
GeoIP Country V6 Edition: US, United States
GeoIP ASNum V6 Edition: AS15169 Google LLC
GeoIP City Edition V6, Rev 1: US, N/A, N/A, N/A, 37.750999, -97.821999, 0, 0


geoipupdate
Received an unexpected HTTP status code of 401 from https://updates.maxmind.com/app/update_secure?db_md5=00000000000000000000000000000000&challenge_md5=0f74c90dab238e526f72b98062232111&user_id=0&edition_id=GeoLite2-Country:
Invalid account ID

geoiplookup 8.8.8.8

GeoIP Country Edition: US, United States

GeoIP City Edition, Rev 1: US, N/A, N/A, N/A, N/A, 37.750999, -97.821999, 0, 0

GeoIP ASNum Edition: AS15169 Google LLC

geoiplookup6 2001:4860:4860::8888

GeoIP Country V6 Edition: US, United States

GeoIP ASNum V6 Edition: AS15169 Google LLC

GeoIP City Edition V6, Rev 1: US, N/A, N/A, N/A, 37.750999, -97.821999, 0, 0

geoipupdate

Received an unexpected HTTP status code of 401 from https://updates.maxmind.com/app/update_secure?db_md5=00000000000000000000000000000000&challenge_md5=0f74c90dab238e526f72b98062232111&user_id=0&edition_id=GeoLite2-Country:

Invalid account ID

如果有需要可以继续安装一下城市和AS数据库,查看GeoIP-data的yum包说明:

yum info GeoIP-data

Name        : GeoIP-data
Arch        : noarch
Version     : 1.5.0
Release     : 14.el7
Size        : 50 M
Repo        : installed
From repo   : base
Summary     : Static snapshot of GeoIP databases
URL         : http://www.maxmind.com/app/c
License     : LGPLv2+ and GPLv2+ and CC-BY-SA
Description : Snapshot of IPv4 and IPv6 databases for GeoIP. These databases are not
            : regularly updated, use a cron job from GeoIP-update package to get fresh ones.
            :
            : This package includes GeoLite data created by MaxMind, available from
            : http://www.maxmind.com/

yum info GeoIP-data

Name : GeoIP-data

Arch : noarch

Version : 1.5.0

Release : 14.el7

Size : 50 M

Repo : installed

From repo : base

Summary : Static snapshot of GeoIP databases

URL : http://www.maxmind.com/app/c

License : LGPLv2+ and GPLv2+ and CC-BY-SA

Description : Snapshot of IPv4 and IPv6 databases for GeoIP. These databases are not

: regularly updated, use a cron job from GeoIP-update package to get fresh ones.

: This package includes GeoLite data created by MaxMind, available from

: http://www.maxmind.com/

安装GeoIP-data的yum包:

yum install GeoIP-data

1	yum install GeoIP-data

安装完成后在/usr/share/GeoIP/下新出现4个dat数据库,4个软链(城市/ASN库/分IPv4和IPv6)

cd /usr/share/GeoIP/
ls -l

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root       39 May 12 00:45 GeoIPASNum.dat -> /usr/share/GeoIP/GeoIPASNum-initial.dat
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  4638365 Aug  8  2019 GeoIPASNum-initial.dat
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root       41 May 12 00:45 GeoIPASNumv6.dat -> /usr/share/GeoIP/GeoIPASNumv6-initial.dat
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  5628114 Aug  8  2019 GeoIPASNumv6-initial.dat
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root       38 May 12 00:45 GeoIPCity.dat -> /usr/share/GeoIP/GeoIPCity-initial.dat
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 20539238 Aug  8  2019 GeoIPCity-initial.dat
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root       40 May 12 00:45 GeoIPCityv6.dat -> /usr/share/GeoIP/GeoIPCityv6-initial.dat
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 21684452 Aug  8  2019 GeoIPCityv6-initial.dat
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root       17 May 12 00:20 GeoIP.dat -> GeoIP-initial.dat
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  1242574 Aug  8  2019 GeoIP-initial.dat
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root       19 May 12 00:20 GeoIPv6.dat -> GeoIPv6-initial.dat
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  2322773 Aug  8  2019 GeoIPv6-initial.dat

cd /usr/share/GeoIP/

ls -l

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 39 May 12 00:45 GeoIPASNum.dat -> /usr/share/GeoIP/GeoIPASNum-initial.dat

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4638365 Aug 8 2019 GeoIPASNum-initial.dat

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 41 May 12 00:45 GeoIPASNumv6.dat -> /usr/share/GeoIP/GeoIPASNumv6-initial.dat

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5628114 Aug 8 2019 GeoIPASNumv6-initial.dat

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 38 May 12 00:45 GeoIPCity.dat -> /usr/share/GeoIP/GeoIPCity-initial.dat

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 20539238 Aug 8 2019 GeoIPCity-initial.dat

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 40 May 12 00:45 GeoIPCityv6.dat -> /usr/share/GeoIP/GeoIPCityv6-initial.dat

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 21684452 Aug 8 2019 GeoIPCityv6-initial.dat

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 17 May 12 00:20 GeoIP.dat -> GeoIP-initial.dat

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1242574 Aug 8 2019 GeoIP-initial.dat

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 19 May 12 00:20 GeoIPv6.dat -> GeoIPv6-initial.dat

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2322773 Aug 8 2019 GeoIPv6-initial.dat

上面是GEOIP的数据库安装,下来安装GEOIP的支持库,查看GeoIP-devel说明:

yum info GeoIP-devel

Name        : GeoIP-devel
Arch        : x86_64
Version     : 1.5.0
Release     : 14.el7
Size        : 14 k
Repo        : base/7/x86_64
Summary     : Development headers and libraries for GeoIP
URL         : http://www.maxmind.com/app/c
License     : LGPLv2+ and GPLv2+ and CC-BY-SA
Description : Development headers and static libraries for building GeoIP-based applications.

yum info GeoIP-devel

Name : GeoIP-devel

Arch : x86_64

Version : 1.5.0

Release : 14.el7

Size : 14 k

Repo : base/7/x86_64

Summary : Development headers and libraries for GeoIP

URL : http://www.maxmind.com/app/c

License : LGPLv2+ and GPLv2+ and CC-BY-SA

Description : Development headers and static libraries for building GeoIP-based applications.

安装GEOIP的支持库:

yum install GeoIP-devel

1	yum install GeoIP-devel

最后还有一个geoipupdate-cron可以安装,查看说明(就是geoipupdate的一个定时周升级任务):

yum info geoipupdate-cron

Name        : geoipupdate-cron
Arch        : noarch
Version     : 2.5.0
Release     : 1.el7
Size        : 8.4 k
Repo        : base/7/x86_64
Summary     : Cron job to do weekly updates of GeoIP databases
URL         : http://dev.maxmind.com/geoip/geoipupdate/
License     : GPLv2
Description : Cron job for weekly updates to GeoIP Legacy database from MaxMind.

yum info geoipupdate-cron

Name : geoipupdate-cron

Arch : noarch

Version : 2.5.0

Release : 1.el7

Size : 8.4 k

Repo : base/7/x86_64

Summary : Cron job to do weekly updates of GeoIP databases

URL : http://dev.maxmind.com/geoip/geoipupdate/

License : GPLv2

Description : Cron job for weekly updates to GeoIP Legacy database from MaxMind.

安装geoipupdate-cron:

yum install geoipupdate-cron

1	yum install geoipupdate-cron

安装完成后在/etc/cron.weekly多出一个geoipupdate任务

cat /etc/cron.weekly/geoipupdate

#!/bin/sh

# This updates the IPv4 databases based on product numbers in /etc/GeoIP.conf
geoipupdate > /dev/null

cat /etc/cron.weekly/geoipupdate

#!/bin/sh

# This updates the IPv4 databases based on product numbers in /etc/GeoIP.conf

geoipupdate > /dev/null

geoipupdate都无法升级,所以这个也是没啥的用,完全不用装.

2.编译安装的geoip

由于安装GeoIP支持库由于官方地址的C API下载不到,所以没有测试也只是写出来看一下,也许其他地方还能找到:

cd /tmp
wget http://geolite.maxmind.com/download/geoip/api/c/GeoIP.tar.gz
tar -zxvf GeoIP.tar.gz
cd GeoIP-1.4.6
yum install zlib-devel
./configure
make
make install

cd /tmp

wget http://geolite.maxmind.com/download/geoip/api/c/GeoIP.tar.gz

tar -zxvf GeoIP.tar.gz

cd GeoIP-1.4.6

yum install zlib-devel

./configure

make

make install

安装完以后写入动态链接

echo '/usr/local/lib' > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/geoip.conf
ldconfig

1 2	echo '/usr/local/lib' > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/geoip.conf ldconfig

应该是相当于yum install GeoIP-devel,不知道两者有什么区别,个人理解应该是相同的.

GeoIP数据库也可以单独下载,yum安装的GeoIP数据库是IPv4和IPv6分离的,也可以去第三方下载合并的

第三方下载地址(GeoLite的dat数据库)：https://www.miyuru.lk/geoiplegacy

在IPv6/IPv4数据库中，IPv4 地址映射为 IPv6 地址

该产品包括 MaxMind 创建的 GeoLite2 数据，可从 https://www.maxmind.com 或 IP Geolocation by DB-IP 获得

NGINX安装GeoIP模块

因为系统自带的nginx版本低,所以用了官方的yum源http://nginx.org/en/linux_packages.html#RHEL-CentOS

vi /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo

[nginx-stable]
name=nginx stable repo
baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/$releasever/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
gpgkey=https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key
module_hotfixes=true

[nginx-mainline]
name=nginx mainline repo
baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/mainline/centos/$releasever/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key
module_hotfixes=true

vi /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo

[nginx-stable]

name=nginx stable repo

baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/$releasever/$basearch/

gpgcheck=1

enabled=1

gpgkey=https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key

module_hotfixes=true

[nginx-mainline]

name=nginx mainline repo

baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/mainline/centos/$releasever/$basearch/

gpgcheck=1

enabled=0

gpgkey=https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key

module_hotfixes=true

1.yum安装的nginx

yum install nginx-module-geoip

1	yum install nginx-module-geoip

安装完以后在nginx.conf里添加

vi /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

load_module /usr/lib64/nginx/modules/ngx_http_geoip_module.so;
load_module /usr/lib64/nginx/modules/ngx_stream_geoip_module.so;

http{
……
geoip_country /usr/share/GeoIP/GeoIP.dat;
……
}

vi /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

load_module /usr/lib64/nginx/modules/ngx_http_geoip_module.so;

load_module /usr/lib64/nginx/modules/ngx_stream_geoip_module.so;

http{

……

geoip_country /usr/share/GeoIP/GeoIP.dat;

……

}

然后server和location下面就可以写

if ($geoip_country_code = CN) {
    root /home/cn;
}

if ($geoip_country_code = CN) {

root /home/cn;

}

此时CN的IP就会打开指定目录的页面.

关于nginx的geoip模块使用可以参考官方说明:http://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_geoip_module.html

官方的plus版本有另外的插件可以参考下:https://docs.nginx.com/nginx/admin-guide/dynamic-modules/geoip/

plus版本(收费或试用)https://docs.nginx.com/nginx/admin-guide/installing-nginx/installing-nginx-plus/

2.编译安装的nginx

默认nginx是不编译--with-http_geoip_module的,所以在编译的时候加上就可以了,省略号……代表以前编译过的模块

./configure …… --with-http_geoip_module
make
make install

./configure …… --with-http_geoip_module

make

make install

需要注意一点,如果没有安装过C API或者yum install GeoIP-devel的话,编译会报错(我是lnmp环境编译的nginx,也许单独编译nginx报错不一样):

checking for GeoIP library ... not found
checking for GeoIP library in /usr/local/ ... not found
checking for GeoIP library in /usr/pkg/ ... not found
checking for GeoIP library in /opt/local/ ... not found

./configure: error: the GeoIP module requires the GeoIP library.
You can either do not enable the module or install the library.

checking for GeoIP library ... not found

checking for GeoIP library in /usr/local/ ... not found

checking for GeoIP library in /usr/pkg/ ... not found

checking for GeoIP library in /opt/local/ ... not found

./configure: error: the GeoIP module requires the GeoIP library.

You can either do not enable the module or install the library.

PHP安装GeoIP模块

1.YUM安装的PHP

查看yum的php的geoip扩展包:

yum info php-pecl-geoip

Name        : php-pecl-geoip
Arch        : x86_64
Version     : 1.0.8
Release     : 5.el7
Size        : 31 k
Repo        : installed
From repo   : epel
Summary     : Extension to map IP addresses to geographic places
URL         : http://pecl.php.net/package/geoip
License     : PHP
Description : This PHP extension allows you to find the location of an IP address
            : City, State, Country, Longitude, Latitude, and other information as
            : all, such as ISP and connection type. It makes use of Maxminds geoip
            : database

yum info php-pecl-geoip

Name : php-pecl-geoip

Arch : x86_64

Version : 1.0.8

Release : 5.el7

Size : 31 k

Repo : installed

From repo : epel

Summary : Extension to map IP addresses to geographic places

URL : http://pecl.php.net/package/geoip

License : PHP

Description : This PHP extension allows you to find the location of an IP address

: City, State, Country, Longitude, Latitude, and other information as

: all, such as ISP and connection type. It makes use of Maxminds geoip

: database

安装

yum install php-pecl-geoip

1	yum install php-pecl-geoip

2.编译安装的PHP

下载 GeoIP 的 PECL 扩展
下载地址 http://pecl.php.net/package/geoip

cd /usr/local/src
wget -c http://pecl.php.net/get/geoip-1.1.1.tgz
tar -zxvf geoip-1.1.1.tgz

cd /usr/local/src

wget -c http://pecl.php.net/get/geoip-1.1.1.tgz

tar -zxvf geoip-1.1.1.tgz

安装 GeoIP 的 PECL 扩展

cd geoip-1.1.1
phpize
whereis php-config
php-config: /usr/local/php/bin/php-config /usr/share/man/man1/php-config.1.gz

下面--with-php-config命令写上面的目录地址就行

./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config --with-geoip
make
make install

在 php.ini 里加上

extension=geoip.so

cd geoip-1.1.1

phpize

whereis php-config

php-config: /usr/local/php/bin/php-config /usr/share/man/man1/php-config.1.gz

下面--with-php-config命令写上面的目录地址就行

./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config --with-geoip

make

make install

在 php.ini 里加上

extension=geoip.so

验证安装成功没直接php模块输出或者phpinfo()里查看下,有输出就是安装好了,

php -m | grep geoip
geoip

1 2	php -m \| grep geoip geoip

使用方法看官方:https://www.php.net/manual/zh/book.geoip.php

3.nginx的fastcgi模式执行的php

还有一种方法可以让php不安装扩展使用geoip,就是在nginx的FASTCGI变量里

vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

1	vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

找到 http 段并加入如下以内容进行geoip 国家/地区查找：

### 设置用于从 IP 地址确定访问者国家/地区的 .dat 文件的路径 ###
geoip_country /usr/local/share/GeoIP/GeoIP.dat；

### 设置 FASTCGI 变量 ###
fastcgi_param GEOIP_COUNTRY_CODE $geoip_country_code;
fastcgi_param GEOIP_COUNTRY_CODE3 $geoip_country_code3;
fastcgi_param GEOIP_COUNTRY_NAME $geoip_country_name;

### 设置用于从 IP 地址确定访问者国家/地区的 .dat 文件的路径 ###

geoip_country /usr/local/share/GeoIP/GeoIP.dat；

### 设置 FASTCGI 变量 ###

fastcgi_param GEOIP_COUNTRY_CODE $geoip_country_code;

fastcgi_param GEOIP_COUNTRY_CODE3 $geoip_country_code3;

fastcgi_param GEOIP_COUNTRY_NAME $geoip_country_name;

保存并关闭文件。如果您想要城市级别的地理定位，请将其设置如下：

### 设置用于从 IP 地址确定访问者国家/地区的 .dat 文件的路径 ###
geoip_city /usr/local/share/GeoIP/GeoLiteCity.dat；

### 设置 FASTCGI 变量 ###
fastcgi_param GEOIP_CITY_COUNTRY_CODE $geoip_city_country_code;
fastcgi_param GEOIP_CITY_COUNTRY_CODE3 $geoip_city_country_code3;
fastcgi_param GEOIP_CITY_COUNTRY_NAME $geoip_city_country_name;
fastcgi_param GEOIP_REGION $geoip_region;
fastcgi_param GEOIP_CITY $geoip_city;
fastcgi_param GEOIP_POSTAL_CODE $geoip_postal_code;
fastcgi_param GEOIP_CITY_CONTINENT_CODE $geoip_city_continent_code;
fastcgi_param GEOIP_LATITUDE $geoip_latitude;
fastcgi_param GEOIP_LONGITUDE $geoip_longitude;

### 设置用于从 IP 地址确定访问者国家/地区的 .dat 文件的路径 ###

geoip_city /usr/local/share/GeoIP/GeoLiteCity.dat；

### 设置 FASTCGI 变量 ###

fastcgi_param GEOIP_CITY_COUNTRY_CODE $geoip_city_country_code;

fastcgi_param GEOIP_CITY_COUNTRY_CODE3 $geoip_city_country_code3;

fastcgi_param GEOIP_CITY_COUNTRY_NAME $geoip_city_country_name;

fastcgi_param GEOIP_REGION $geoip_region;

fastcgi_param GEOIP_CITY $geoip_city;

fastcgi_param GEOIP_POSTAL_CODE $geoip_postal_code;

fastcgi_param GEOIP_CITY_CONTINENT_CODE $geoip_city_continent_code;

fastcgi_param GEOIP_LATITUDE $geoip_latitude;

fastcgi_param GEOIP_LONGITUDE $geoip_longitude;

保存并关闭文件。最后，重新加载 nginx：

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload

1	/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload

PHP测试脚本:

创建一个php测试脚本如下geoip.php

<html>
<head>
<title>What is my IP address - determine or retrieve my IP address</title>
</head>
<body>
<?php
if (getenv(HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR)) {
$pipaddress = getenv(HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR);
$ipaddress = getenv(REMOTE_ADDR);
echo "Your Proxy IP address is : ".$pipaddress. " (via $ipaddress) " ;
} else {
$ipaddress = getenv(REMOTE_ADDR);
echo "Your IP address is : $ipaddress";
}
$country = getenv(GEOIP_COUNTRY_NAME);
$country_code = getenv(GEOIP_COUNTRY_CODE);
echo "<br/>Your country : $country ( $country_code ) ";
?>
</body>
</html>

<html>

<head>

<title>What is my IP address - determine or retrieve my IP address</title>

</head>

<body>

<?php

if (getenv(HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR)) {

$pipaddress = getenv(HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR);

$ipaddress = getenv(REMOTE_ADDR);

echo "Your Proxy IP address is : ".$pipaddress. " (via $ipaddress) " ;

} else {

$ipaddress = getenv(REMOTE_ADDR);

echo "Your IP address is : $ipaddress";

}

$country = getenv(GEOIP_COUNTRY_NAME);

$country_code = getenv(GEOIP_COUNTRY_CODE);

echo "<br/>Your country : $country ( $country_code ) ";

</body>

</html>

三、GEOIP2的安装以及NGINX和PHP使用方法

GEOIP2的安装

GeoIP2数据库下载:

MaxMind帐户注册地址：GeoLite2 Sign Up | MaxMind
直连访问，不要使用代理服务器，否则显示错误，无法注册

注册完成后，在许可密钥界面生成许可密钥(License key)，妥善保管好你的许可密钥(License key)。
GeoLite2数据库的下载地址即为：https://download.maxmind.com/app/geoip_download?edition_id=GeoLite2-Country&license_key=此处替换为证书密钥&suffix=tar.gz

GeoIP2数据库下载:
https://dev.maxmind.com/geoip/geoip2/geolite2/

官网提供三种库,2种格式, 首先官网API是需要使用二进制库文件, CSV格式的库可以导入其他程序或供你简单浏览。
三种库的区别可以从名字上就可以看出来:
City 精确到城市(大小70M左右)，
Country 精确到国家(4M左右)，
ASN 用于产看IP地址的拥有者(7M左右). 需要注意的是 City 和 Country 库中不含ASN信息。

由于数据库经常更新, 官网还提供了更新的方案:
GeoIP2 Release Notes | MaxMind Developer Portal

除了自己注册下载以外，还可以使用网络上公开的Geolite2数据库
Releases · Dreamacro/maxmind-geoip · GitHub
https://geolite.clash.dev
https://static.clash.to/GeoIP2/GeoIP2-Country.tar.gz
很多linux版本支持这个库, 可以使用yum 或 apt 进行下载, windows上使用的话就需要自己编译了.

yum可以安装geolite2,先查看说明:

yum info 'geolite2*'

Available Packages
Name        : geolite2-city
Arch        : noarch
Version     : 20180605
Release     : 1.el7
Size        : 19 M
Repo        : base/7/x86_64
Summary     : Free IP geolocation city database
URL         : https://dev.maxmind.com/geoip/geoip2/geolite2/
License     : CC-BY-SA
Description : GeoLite2 databases are free IP geolocation databases comparable to, but less
            : accurate than, MaxMind's GeoIP2 databases.  This product includes GeoLite2 data
            : created by MaxMind, available from http://www.maxmind.com.

Name        : geolite2-country
Arch        : noarch
Version     : 20180605
Release     : 1.el7
Size        : 1.0 M
Repo        : base/7/x86_64
Summary     : Free IP geolocation country database
URL         : https://dev.maxmind.com/geoip/geoip2/geolite2/
License     : CC-BY-SA
Description : GeoLite2 databases are free IP geolocation databases comparable to, but less
            : accurate than, MaxMind's GeoIP2 databases.  This product includes GeoLite2 data
            : created by MaxMind, available from http://www.maxmind.com.

yum info 'geolite2*'

Available Packages

Name : geolite2-city

Arch : noarch

Version : 20180605

Release : 1.el7

Size : 19 M

Repo : base/7/x86_64

Summary : Free IP geolocation city database

URL : https://dev.maxmind.com/geoip/geoip2/geolite2/

License : CC-BY-SA

Description : GeoLite2 databases are free IP geolocation databases comparable to, but less

: accurate than, MaxMind's GeoIP2 databases. This product includes GeoLite2 data

: created by MaxMind, available from http://www.maxmind.com.

Name : geolite2-country

Arch : noarch

Version : 20180605

Release : 1.el7

Size : 1.0 M

Repo : base/7/x86_64

Summary : Free IP geolocation country database

URL : https://dev.maxmind.com/geoip/geoip2/geolite2/

License : CC-BY-SA

Description : GeoLite2 databases are free IP geolocation databases comparable to, but less

: accurate than, MaxMind's GeoIP2 databases. This product includes GeoLite2 data

: created by MaxMind, available from http://www.maxmind.com.

安装

yum install geolite2-city geolite2-country

1	yum install geolite2-city geolite2-country

安装完成后/usr/share/GeoIP/会多出2个库GeoLite2-City.mmdb和GeoLite2-Country.mmdb

GeoIP2支持库安装:

可以直接yum安装libmaxminddb,先查看说明:

yum info 'libmaxminddb*'

Name        : libmaxminddb
Arch        : x86_64
Version     : 1.2.0
Release     : 6.el7
Size        : 20 k
Repo        : base/7/x86_64
Summary     : C library for the MaxMind DB file format
URL         : https://maxmind.github.io/libmaxminddb
License     : ASL 2.0 and BSD
Description : The package contains libmaxminddb library.

Name : libmaxminddb-devel
Arch : x86_64
Version : 1.2.0
Release : 6.el7
Size : 32 k
Repo : base/7/x86_64
Summary : Development header files for libmaxminddb
URL : https://maxmind.github.io/libmaxminddb
License : ASL 2.0 and BSD
Description : The package contains development header files for the libmaxminddb library
: and the mmdblookup utility which allows IP address lookup in a MaxMind DB file.

yum info 'libmaxminddb*'

Name : libmaxminddb

Arch : x86_64

Version : 1.2.0

Release : 6.el7

Size : 20 k

Repo : base/7/x86_64

Summary : C library for the MaxMind DB file format

URL : https://maxmind.github.io/libmaxminddb

License : ASL 2.0 and BSD

Description : The package contains libmaxminddb library.

Name : libmaxminddb-devel

Arch : x86_64

Version : 1.2.0

Release : 6.el7

Size : 32 k

Repo : base/7/x86_64

Summary : Development header files for libmaxminddb

URL : https://maxmind.github.io/libmaxminddb

License : ASL 2.0 and BSD

Description : The package contains development header files for the libmaxminddb library

: and the mmdblookup utility which allows IP address lookup in a MaxMind DB file.

安装GeoIP2支持库:

yum install libmaxminddb libmaxminddb-devel

1	yum install libmaxminddb libmaxminddb-devel

安装完成后系统增加一个mmdblookup命令,可以用于查看mmdb库的IP信息

mmdblookup -f /usr/share/GeoIP/GeoLite2-Country.mmdb -i 8.8.8.8

  {
    "continent":
      {
        "code":
          "NA" <utf8_string>
        "geoname_id":
          6255149 <uint32>
        "names":
          {
            "de":
              "Nordamerika" <utf8_string>
            "en":
              "North America" <utf8_string>
            "es":
              "Norteamérica" <utf8_string>
            "fr":
              "Amérique du Nord" <utf8_string>
            "ja":
              "北アメリカ" <utf8_string>
            "pt-BR":
              "América do Norte" <utf8_string>
            "ru":
              "Северная Америка" <utf8_string>
            "zh-CN":
              "北美洲" <utf8_string>
          }
      }
    "country":
      {
        "geoname_id":
          6252001 <uint32>
        "iso_code":
          "US" <utf8_string>
        "names":
          {
            "de":
              "USA" <utf8_string>
            "en":
              "United States" <utf8_string>
            "es":
              "Estados Unidos" <utf8_string>
            "fr":
              "États-Unis" <utf8_string>
            "ja":
              "アメリカ合衆国" <utf8_string>
            "pt-BR":
              "Estados Unidos" <utf8_string>
            "ru":
              "США" <utf8_string>
            "zh-CN":
              "美国" <utf8_string>
          }
      }
    "registered_country":
      {
        "geoname_id":
          6252001 <uint32>
        "iso_code":
          "US" <utf8_string>
        "names":
          {
            "de":
              "USA" <utf8_string>
            "en":
              "United States" <utf8_string>
            "es":
              "Estados Unidos" <utf8_string>
            "fr":
              "États-Unis" <utf8_string>
            "ja":
              "アメリカ合衆国" <utf8_string>
            "pt-BR":
              "Estados Unidos" <utf8_string>
            "ru":
              "США" <utf8_string>
            "zh-CN":
              "美国" <utf8_string>
          }
      }
  }

mmdblookup -f /usr/share/GeoIP/GeoLite2-Country.mmdb -i 8.8.8.8

{

"continent":

{

"code":

"NA" <utf8_string>

"geoname_id":

6255149 <uint32>

"names":

{

"de":

"Nordamerika" <utf8_string>

"en":

"North America" <utf8_string>

"es":

"Norteamérica" <utf8_string>

"fr":

"Amérique du Nord" <utf8_string>

"ja":

"北アメリカ" <utf8_string>

"pt-BR":

"América do Norte" <utf8_string>

"ru":

"Северная Америка" <utf8_string>

"zh-CN":

"北美洲" <utf8_string>

}

"country":

{

"geoname_id":

6252001 <uint32>

"iso_code":

"US" <utf8_string>

"names":

{

"de":

"USA" <utf8_string>

"en":

"United States" <utf8_string>

"es":

"Estados Unidos" <utf8_string>

"fr":

"États-Unis" <utf8_string>

"ja":

"アメリカ合衆国" <utf8_string>

"pt-BR":

"Estados Unidos" <utf8_string>

"ru":

"США" <utf8_string>

"zh-CN":

"美国" <utf8_string>

}

"registered_country":

{

"geoname_id":

6252001 <uint32>

"iso_code":

"US" <utf8_string>

"names":

{

"de":

"USA" <utf8_string>

"en":

"United States" <utf8_string>

"es":

"Estados Unidos" <utf8_string>

"fr":

"États-Unis" <utf8_string>

"ja":

"アメリカ合衆国" <utf8_string>

"pt-BR":

"Estados Unidos" <utf8_string>

"ru":

"США" <utf8_string>

"zh-CN":

"美国" <utf8_string>

}

也可以代码编译

cd /usr/local/src/
wget https://github.com/maxmind/libmaxminddb/releases/download/1.6.0/libmaxminddb-1.6.0.tar.gz
tar -zxvf libmaxminddb-1.6.0.tar.gz
cd libmaxminddb-1.6.0
./configure
make
make install
echo '/usr/local/lib' > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/geoip.conf
ldconfig

cd /usr/local/src/

wget https://github.com/maxmind/libmaxminddb/releases/download/1.6.0/libmaxminddb-1.6.0.tar.gz

tar -zxvf libmaxminddb-1.6.0.tar.gz

cd libmaxminddb-1.6.0

./configure

make

make install

echo '/usr/local/lib' > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/geoip.conf

ldconfig

应该相当于yum install libmaxminddb libmaxminddb-devel,个人理解是相同的

Geolocate an IP address using Web Services with the client-side JavaScript | MaxMind Developer Portal
GeoIP2提供了多种语言的API接口供选择.
https://github.com/maxmind/libmaxminddb/releases

NGINX安装GeoIP2模块

1.yum安装的nginx

普通版没找到yum安装方法,plus版本有个插件官方https://docs.nginx.com/nginx/admin-guide/dynamic-modules/geoip2/

plus版本(收费或试用)https://docs.nginx.com/nginx/admin-guide/installing-nginx/installing-nginx-plus/

yum install nginx-plus-module-geoip2

1	yum install nginx-plus-module-geoip2

如果有安装成功的,应该和geoip一样引入一下so文件

vi /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

load_module /usr/lib64/nginx/modules/ngx_http_geoip2_module.so;
load_module /usr/lib64/nginx/modules/ngx_stream_geoip2_module.so;
http {
    ...
    geoip2 /usr/share/GeoIP/GeoLite2-Country.mmdb {
        auto_reload 5m;
        $geoip2_metadata_country_build metadata build_epoch;
        $geoip2_data_country_code default=US source=$variable_with_ip country iso_code;
        $geoip2_data_country_name country names en;
    }

    geoip2 /etc//usr/share/GeoIP/GeoLite2-City.mmdb {
        $geoip2_data_city_name default=London city names en;
    }
    ....

    fastcgi_param COUNTRY_CODE $geoip2_data_country_code;
    fastcgi_param COUNTRY_NAME $geoip2_data_country_name;
    fastcgi_param CITY_NAME    $geoip2_data_city_name;
    ....
}

stream {
    ...
    geoip2 /usr/share/GeoIP/GeoLite2-Country.mmdb {
        $geoip2_data_country_code default=US source=$remote_addr country iso_code;
    }
    ...
}

vi /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

load_module /usr/lib64/nginx/modules/ngx_http_geoip2_module.so;

load_module /usr/lib64/nginx/modules/ngx_stream_geoip2_module.so;

http {

...

geoip2 /usr/share/GeoIP/GeoLite2-Country.mmdb {

auto_reload 5m;

$geoip2_metadata_country_build metadata build_epoch;

$geoip2_data_country_code default=US source=$variable_with_ip country iso_code;

$geoip2_data_country_name country names en;

}

geoip2 /etc//usr/share/GeoIP/GeoLite2-City.mmdb {

$geoip2_data_city_name default=London city names en;

}

....

fastcgi_param COUNTRY_CODE $geoip2_data_country_code;

fastcgi_param COUNTRY_NAME $geoip2_data_country_name;

fastcgi_param CITY_NAME $geoip2_data_city_name;

....

}

stream {

...

geoip2 /usr/share/GeoIP/GeoLite2-Country.mmdb {

$geoip2_data_country_code default=US source=$remote_addr country iso_code;

}

...

}

2.编译安装:

https://github.com/leev/ngx_http_geoip2_module

cd /usr/local/src/
wget https://github.com/leev/ngx_http_geoip2_module/archive/master.tar.gz
tar zxvf master.tar.gz
mv ngx_http_geoip2_module-master  /usr/local/src/ngx_http_geoip2_module

cd /usr/local/src/

wget https://github.com/leev/ngx_http_geoip2_module/archive/master.tar.gz

tar zxvf master.tar.gz

mv ngx_http_geoip2_module-master /usr/local/src/ngx_http_geoip2_module

然后找到nginx源码,省略号……代表以前编译过的模块

可以静态模块:

./configure …… --add-module=/usr/local/src/ngx_http_geoip2_module
make
make install

./configure …… --add-module=/usr/local/src/ngx_http_geoip2_module

make

make install

也可以添加动态模块:

./configure …… --add-dynamic-module=/usr/local/src/ngx_http_geoip2_module

1	./configure …… --add-dynamic-module=/usr/local/src/ngx_http_geoip2_module

如果需要流支持:

./configure …… --add-dynamic-module=/usr/local/src/ngx_http_geoip2_module --with-stream
或
./configure …… --add-module=/usr/local/src/ngx_http_geoip2_module --with-stream

./configure …… --add-dynamic-module=/usr/local/src/ngx_http_geoip2_module --with-stream

或

./configure …… --add-module=/usr/local/src/ngx_http_geoip2_module --with-stream

nginx配置同上,只是不用写so引入就行了.

PHP安装GeoIP2模块

1.yum安装的php

yum可以先查看下说明:

yum info 'php-maxmind*'

Name        : php-maxmind-db-reader
Arch        : noarch
Version     : 1.4.1
Release     : 1.el7
Size        : 20 k
Repo        : epel/x86_64
Summary     : MaxMind DB Reader
URL         : https://github.com/maxmind/MaxMind-DB-Reader-php
License     : ASL 2.0
Description : MaxMind DB Reader PHP API.
            :
            : MaxMind DB is a binary file format that stores data indexed by
            : IP address subnets (IPv4 or IPv6).
            :
            : Databases are available in geolite2-country and geolite2-city packages.
            :
            : The extension available in php-maxminddb package allow better
            : performance.
            :
            : Autoloader: /usr/share/php/MaxMind/Db/Reader/autoload.php

Name        : php-maxminddb
Arch        : x86_64
Version     : 1.4.1
Release     : 1.el7
Size        : 19 k
Repo        : epel/x86_64
Summary     : MaxMind DB Reader extension
URL         : https://github.com/maxmind/MaxMind-DB-Reader-php
License     : ASL 2.0
Description : MaxMind DB is a binary file format that stores data indexed by
            : IP address subnets (IPv4 or IPv6).
            :
            : This optional PHP C Extension is a drop-in replacement for
            : MaxMind\Db\Reader.
            :
            : Databases are available in geolite2-country and geolite2-city packages.

yum info 'php-maxmind*'

Name : php-maxmind-db-reader

Arch : noarch

Version : 1.4.1

Release : 1.el7

Size : 20 k

Repo : epel/x86_64

Summary : MaxMind DB Reader

URL : https://github.com/maxmind/MaxMind-DB-Reader-php

License : ASL 2.0

Description : MaxMind DB Reader PHP API.

: MaxMind DB is a binary file format that stores data indexed by

: IP address subnets (IPv4 or IPv6).

: Databases are available in geolite2-country and geolite2-city packages.

: The extension available in php-maxminddb package allow better

: performance.

: Autoloader: /usr/share/php/MaxMind/Db/Reader/autoload.php

Name : php-maxminddb

Arch : x86_64

Version : 1.4.1

Release : 1.el7

Size : 19 k

Repo : epel/x86_64

Summary : MaxMind DB Reader extension

URL : https://github.com/maxmind/MaxMind-DB-Reader-php

License : ASL 2.0

Description : MaxMind DB is a binary file format that stores data indexed by

: IP address subnets (IPv4 or IPv6).

: This optional PHP C Extension is a drop-in replacement for

: MaxMind\Db\Reader.

: Databases are available in geolite2-country and geolite2-city packages.

安装

yum install php-maxmind-db-reader php-maxminddb

1	yum install php-maxmind-db-reader php-maxminddb

安装完成可以看下php示例

cat /usr/share/php/MaxMind/Db/Reader/autoload.php

<?php
// @codingStandardsIgnoreFile
// @codeCoverageIgnoreStart
require_once '/usr/share/php/Fedora/Autoloader'.'/autoload.php';

\Fedora\Autoloader\Autoload::addClassMap(
    array(
        'maxmind\\db\\reader' => '/../Reader.php',
                'maxmind\\db\\reader\\decoder' => '/Decoder.php',
                'maxmind\\db\\reader\\invaliddatabaseexception' => '/InvalidDatabaseException.php',
                'maxmind\\db\\reader\\metadata' => '/Metadata.php',
                'maxmind\\db\\reader\\util' => '/Util.php',
    ),
    __DIR__
);
// @codeCoverageIgnoreEnd

cat /usr/share/php/MaxMind/Db/Reader/autoload.php

<?php

// @codingStandardsIgnoreFile

// @codeCoverageIgnoreStart

require_once '/usr/share/php/Fedora/Autoloader'.'/autoload.php';

\Fedora\Autoloader\Autoload::addClassMap(

array(

'maxmind\\db\\reader' => '/../Reader.php',

'maxmind\\db\\reader\\decoder' => '/Decoder.php',

'maxmind\\db\\reader\\invaliddatabaseexception' => '/InvalidDatabaseException.php',

'maxmind\\db\\reader\\metadata' => '/Metadata.php',

'maxmind\\db\\reader\\util' => '/Util.php',

__DIR__

);

// @codeCoverageIgnoreEnd

2.编译安装的php

可以用composer安装一下GeoIP2-PHP或DB-Reader-php

如何安装和使用PHP版GeoIP2-PHP:http://wiki.diahosting.com/amh4.2/geoip_for_geoip2_php

如何安装和使用PHP版的DB-Reader-php:http://wiki.diahosting.com/amh4.2/geoip_for_db_reader_php

3.nginx的fastcgi变量

和geoip的方法相同,就不多说了.

因为百度了不少教程和说明,结合自己操作整理的,所以有些可能乱或者不准,但是希望大家能理解使用方法就行,首先有IP库,不管是.dat还是.mmdb都是一个静态的二进制文件,这个文件可以放在任何地方,写对路径正常引用可读就行,下来就是安装支持库或者是api接口,让系统可以通过支持库或者接口解读IP库文件,最后就是装使用软件对应的插件,然后软件内引入插件指定好IP库位置(GeoIP和GeoIP2引入写法和变量不同),就可以正常使用了.

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